Prevalence and Risk Factors for Pulmonary Artery Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale in Post Tuberculosis Pulmonary Sequelae: A Cross Sectional Study
Keywords:
Tuberculosis; pulmonary hypertension; cor pulmonale; post-tuberculosis sequelae; fibrosis; bilateral lung involvement; risk factors.Abstract
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, particularly in endemic regions like India. While the primary focus has been on reducing TB incidence and mortality, the long-term complications, such as pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale, among patients with post-tuberculosis pulmonary sequelae, are often overlooked. These conditions significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale in patients with post-tuberculosis pulmonary sequelae.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Patna Medical College Hospital, from January 2023 to June 2024. A total of 100 patients with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis and evidence of post-tuberculosis pulmonary sequelae on chest X-ray and HRCT were included. Patients with active TB or other causes of pulmonary hypertension were excluded.
Results: The study found that 56% of patients had pulmonary hypertension, with a 33% prevalence of cor pulmonale. Bilateral lung involvement was associated with a 5.6 times greater risk of pulmonary hypertension compared to unilateral involvement. Male gender and lower BMI were significant risk factors, with underweight patients showing a higher prevalence of pulmonary hypertension. Fibrosis was the most common sequelae, and patients with multiple types of sequelae had a significantly higher risk of developing pulmonary hypertension.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale among patients with post-tuberculosis pulmonary sequelae underscores the need for long-term monitoring and preventive strategies. Integrating these considerations into TB management programs is crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality and improve patient outcomes.
