Serum ADA and Glycated Hemoglobin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a global health concern characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), accounting for the majority of cases, is associated with various microvascular and macrovascular complications. This study investigates the correlation between serum Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) levels and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) in T2DM patients, assessing ADA's potential as a marker for glycemic control.

Objective: The objective of this study is to estimate serum ADA levels in T2DM patients and explore the correlation between serum ADA and HbA1c, aiming to determine whether ADA can be a reliable marker for glycemic control in T2DM.

Methods: A case-control observational study was conducted at Tezpur Medical College & Hospital over a year, involving 100 participants: 50 T2DM cases (HbA1c > 6.5) and 50 controls (HbA1c < 6.5). Serum ADA and HbA1c levels were measured and analyzed using standardized biochemical methods. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the correlation between ADA and HbA1c levels.

Results: The study found significantly elevated serum ADA levels in T2DM patients (mean: 19.148 U/L) compared to controls (mean: 10.144 U/L) with a p-value of 0.0023. HbA1c levels were also significantly higher in the T2DM group (mean: 9.744%) compared to controls (mean: 5.786%) with a p-value of 0.0029. A positive correlation between serum ADA and HbA1c levels was observed, suggesting ADA as a potential marker for glycemic control.

Conclusion: The study provides evidence that serum ADA levels are significantly elevated in uncontrolled T2DM and strongly correlate with HbA1c levels. These findings suggest that ADA could serve as a reliable marker for poor glycemic control in T2DM, reflecting the underlying immune and inflammatory processes associated with the disease.